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Service dogs must be trained to perform specific behaviors to assist their disabled handler. If the behavior is prompted by a command (either visual or verbal), it’s referred to as a “task.” If the behavior is triggered by an environmental cue (such as a sound or a change in the handler’s body), it’s known as “work.”

There are countless behaviors and methods for training them, but I aim to focus on the most essential ones. If I’ve overlooked anything, feel free to let me know!
This list will give you some basic terms and tips for training your dog using mostly positive reinforcement.
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Lure
Guide your dog into the desired position by using a reward, usually a treat, placed near their nose. This is especially helpful when introducing new behaviors, and the reward is often given at the beginning of the process.
Mark
Use a sharp, brief sound to signal that your dog has performed the desired action. A clicker or the word “yes” is commonly recommended for this purpose.
Reward
Offer something your dog loves to motivate them to work. Treats are typically the go-to option. Keep in mind, though, that your dog’s regular kibble may not be exciting enough to motivate them, so consider using “higher value” rewards like small pieces of string cheese or hot dog, especially for more challenging behaviors.
Toys or other items your dog enjoys can also be used as rewards, but these may slow down training as they take longer to deliver. It’s best to reserve these for behaviors your dog already knows well, or if food isn’t motivating enough.
Always Set Up for Success
Your goal is to create a dog that’s eager to work with you. To achieve this, always ensure you’re setting them up for success. Take your time, and if your dog is struggling (i.e., not getting rewarded while learning a new behavior), step back and help them succeed. You can gradually progress, but make sure your dog is consistently succeeding to avoid frustration for both of you.
Avoid Repetition
A dog’s strongest sense is their nose, followed by their sight and hearing. This means that audio cues (like saying “Sit”) don’t register as effectively as visual or scent cues. To help your dog succeed, only give an audio cue once every 5 seconds or so. If your dog doesn’t respond, it means they haven’t yet mastered the behavior and you should take a step back, rather than repeating the cue multiple times.
Gradual Duration and Distance
When you begin adding duration or distance to a behavior, do so gradually and mix things up. If the behavior becomes progressively harder (longer or further), your dog might give up or stop responding. Instead, vary the duration, like 1 second, then 3 seconds, then 2 seconds, 5 seconds, and so on, to keep things unpredictable and engaging.
Never Force Your Dog
Forcing a dog—especially a young one—into a behavior by pushing, dragging, or using physical force can cause fear or resistance. This could be directed at the behavior itself or even unrelated things in the environment (like brooms if one was nearby at the time). Always encourage your dog gently to avoid creating fear.
Slow is Fast, Fast is Slow
With service dogs, it’s crucial to ensure that foundational behaviors are solid before moving forward. Progressing too quickly—whether by adding too many new behaviors to a young puppy or rushing a behavior before it’s mastered—will set your dog up for failure and frustration later on, even if it seems to work in the short term. Take your time to build a strong foundation for lasting success.